Landmark cases for UPSC GS-2 & GS-3
Important Judgments — the cases UPSC has named.
Every landmark Supreme Court judgment that has appeared in UPSC Mains, organised by the subject the syllabus assigns it to. Each case is summarised with the bench, the holding, and the doctrine it crystallised.
23
Subject categories
134
Landmark cases
GS-2 & GS-3
Mains relevance
Updated 2026
Including recent benches
On this page
Constitutional Law 10
Federalism & Centre-State 6
Fundamental Rights 7
Freedom Of Speech & Media 6
Judicial Independence & Appointments 5
Election Law 7
Administrative Law & Tribunals 5
RTI & Transparency 5
Reservations & Equality 6
Minority Rights & Religion 6
Women & Child Rights 7
Family & Personal Law 5
Caste, Untouchability & Atrocities 5
Tribal & Forest Rights 5
Environmental Law 8
Land Acquisition & Property Rights 5
Labour & Service Law 5
Economic & Commercial Law 5
Criminal Law & Justice 6
Police & Prison Reforms 5
Healthcare & Right To Life 5
Education & Right To Education 5
Privacy & Technology 5
Category 01 of 23 · GS-2
Constitutional Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
- 08
- 09
- 10
Category 02 of 23 · GS-2
Federalism & Centre-State
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
Category 03 of 23 · GS-2
Fundamental Rights
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
Category 04 of 23 · GS-2
Freedom Of Speech & Media
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
Category 05 of 23 · GS-2
Judicial Independence & Appointments
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 06 of 23 · GS-2
Election Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
Category 07 of 23 · GS-2
Administrative Law & Tribunals
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 08 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-4
RTI & Transparency
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 09 of 23 · GS-2
Reservations & Equality
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
Category 10 of 23 · GS-2
Minority Rights & Religion
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
Category 11 of 23 · GS-2
Women & Child Rights
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
Category 12 of 23 · GS-1 / GS-2
Family & Personal Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 13 of 23 · GS-1 / GS-2
Caste, Untouchability & Atrocities
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 14 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-3
Tribal & Forest Rights
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 15 of 23 · GS-3
Environmental Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
- 08
Category 16 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-3
Land Acquisition & Property Rights
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 17 of 23 · GS-3
Labour & Service Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 18 of 23 · GS-3
Economic & Commercial Law
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 19 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-3
Criminal Law & Justice
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
Category 20 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-3
Police & Prison Reforms
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 21 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-4
Healthcare & Right To Life
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 22 of 23 · GS-2
Education & Right To Education
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Category 23 of 23 · GS-2 / GS-3
Privacy & Technology
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
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