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NCERT, explained · Geography

Geography — NCERT, chapter by chapter.

Six Geography NCERTs from Class 9 to Class 12, each with chapter-by-chapter explainers tuned for UPSC. Priority tags tell aspirants which chapters are must-read for the syllabus and which can be skimmed.

Books

Chapter explainers

Must-read chapters

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On this page Contemporary India – I (9) 6 Contemporary India – II (10) 7 Fundamentals of Physical Geography (11) 16 India: Physical Environment (11) 7 Fundamentals of Human Geography (12) 10 India: People & Economy (12) 12

Priority Must-read · directly tested in past papers Important · concept-building, indirectly tested Optional · contextual, low yield

Class 9 · NCERT · Book 01 of 06

Contemporary India – I (9)

6 Chapters

01 India — Size and Location Important
02 Physical Features of India Must-read
03 Drainage Must-read
04 Climate Must-read
05 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Must-read
06 Population Must-read

Open the Contemporary India – I (9) overview → 5 MUST-READ · 1 IMPORTANT

Class 10 · NCERT · Book 02 of 06

Contemporary India – II (10)

7 Chapters

01 Resources and Development Must-read
02 Forest and Wildlife Resources Must-read
03 Water Resources Must-read
04 Agriculture Must-read
05 Minerals and Energy Resources Must-read
06 Manufacturing Industries Must-read
07 Lifelines of National Economy Must-read

Open the Contemporary India – II (10) overview → 7 MUST-READ

Class 11 · NCERT · Book 03 of 06

Fundamentals of Physical Geography (11)

16 Chapters

01 Geography as a Discipline Optional
02 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth Must-read
03 Interior of the Earth Must-read
04 Distribution of Oceans and Continents Must-read
05 Minerals and Rocks Must-read
06 Geomorphic Processes Must-read
07 Landforms and Their Evolution Must-read
08 Composition and Structure of Atmosphere Must-read
09 Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature Must-read
10 Atmospheric Circulation and Weather Systems Must-read
11 Water in the Atmosphere Must-read
12 World Climate and Climate Change Must-read
13 Water (Oceans) Must-read
14 Movements of Ocean Water Must-read
15 Life on the Earth Important
16 Biodiversity and Conservation Must-read

Open the Fundamentals of Physical Geography (11) overview → 14 MUST-READ · 1 IMPORTANT · 1 OPTIONAL

Class 11 · NCERT · Book 04 of 06

India: Physical Environment (11)

7 Chapters

01 India — Location Important
02 Structure and Physiography Must-read
03 Drainage System Must-read
04 Climate Must-read
05 Natural Vegetation Must-read
06 Soils Must-read
07 Natural Hazards and Disasters Must-read

Open the India: Physical Environment (11) overview → 6 MUST-READ · 1 IMPORTANT

Class 12 · NCERT · Book 05 of 06

Fundamentals of Human Geography (12)

10 Chapters

01 Human Geography: Nature and Scope Optional
02 The World Population Must-read
03 Population Composition Must-read
04 Human Development Must-read
05 Primary Activities Must-read
06 Secondary Activities Must-read
07 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities Important
08 Transport and Communication Must-read
09 International Trade Must-read
10 Human Settlements Must-read

Open the Fundamentals of Human Geography (12) overview → 8 MUST-READ · 1 IMPORTANT · 1 OPTIONAL

Class 12 · NCERT · Book 06 of 06

India: People & Economy (12)

12 Chapters

01 Population — Distribution, Density, Growth Must-read
02 Migration — Types, Causes, Consequences Must-read
03 Human Development Must-read
04 Human Settlements Must-read
05 Land Resources and Agriculture Must-read
06 Water Resources Must-read
07 Mineral and Energy Resources Must-read
08 Manufacturing Industries Must-read
09 Planning and Sustainable Development Must-read
10 Transport and Communication Must-read
11 International Trade Must-read
12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues Important

Open the India: People & Economy (12) overview → 11 MUST-READ · 1 IMPORTANT

The other NCERT subjects

NCERT, explained

6 BOOKS · 58 CHAPTERS

Geography

Class 9 to 12 NCERT Geography — physical, human, and Indian

8 BOOKS · 61 CHAPTERS

History

Class 6 to 12 NCERT History — ancient, medieval, modern

3 BOOKS · 25 CHAPTERS

Polity & Civics

Class 9 to 12 NCERT Political Science

5 BOOKS · 27 CHAPTERS

Economy

Class 9 to 12 NCERT Economics — Indian, micro, macro

2 BOOKS · 9 CHAPTERS

Science & Biology

Class 10 and 12 NCERT Science — UPSC-relevant chapters

1 BOOKS · 6 CHAPTERS

Sociology

Class 12 NCERT Sociology — Indian Society